Modules

• Physical Geodesy

Students are able to judge the fundamental role of the gravity field and the geoid in all disciplines of geomatics engineering. They understand the pros and cons of different height systems.

• Geodetic Coordinate Systems and Map Projections

Students are enabled to interpret maps and to represent the Earth using different kinds of map projections. They are capable to investigate, to evaluate and to visualize occurring distortions. They know how to deal with different kinds of reference and coordinate systems, and to perform transformations between them.

• Physical Geodesy

Elements of potential theory, gravitation and gravity, measurement principles of gravimetry, geoid determination, height systems

• Geodetic Coordinate Systems and Map Projections

Basics on differential geometry of surfaces, geometry of sphere and ellipsoid-of-revolution, spherical map projections, distortion analysis, optimal map projections, UTM, deformations and deformation measures, 2D and 3D coordinate systems, datum transformation models.

• Type of examination: Written 120 min
  
  
• Pre-qualifications: term work 

• Basic principles and sensor devices
• Image acquisition and processing
• Optical, multi-spectral, and hyperspectral sensors
• Land cover classification
• Airborne Laserscanning
• Radar remote sensing

• Type of examination: Written 120 min or Oral 40 min
  
  
• Pre-qualifications: Lab exercises

• Theory of random errors and their distribution
• Covariance propagation
• Principles of Least-Squares
• Conditional Adjustment
• Non-linear observation models
• The Gauss-Helmert Model
• Statistical testing and outlier detection

• Type of examination: Written 120 min
  
  
• Pre-qualifications: Lab exercises

• Monitoring networks and point determination
• Inclination measurements
• Hydrostatical levelling
• Alignement
• Plumbing methods
• Fibre optic systems, gauges and extensometers
• Terrestrial Laser Scanning: measurement process, registration,
  geo-referencing, error sources, accuracy
• Overview of other 3D monitoring methods
• Deformation analysis using the congruency model: two- and
  multi-epoch comparison, global test and localization
• Area-wise deformation analysis approaches

• Type of examination: Written 120 min
  
  
• Pre-qualifications:  Participation at laboratories, accepted homeworks

• Type of examination: Written / non-graded
  
  
• Pre-qualifications: Mandatory attendance

• Coordinate and Time Systems
• Satellite Orbits
• GNSS Signals
• Receiver technology
• Atmospheric propagation errors and their mitigation
• Single Point Positioning
• DGNSS
• RTK
• PPP
• Multi-GNSS
• Integrated Navigation

• Type of examination: Oral, 40 min
  
  
• Pre-qualifications: Lab exercises

• Variable topics are treated in projects; e.g. „geoid determination“ and „stake out of a tunnel“
• The student work for ten days on the project that is structured by several working packages. The planning, measurement, evaluation and analysis are realized in small teams.
• The students take care about the project management in different organizational levels. The academic staff act as mentors and not as teachers.
• For the preparation of the measurement campaign each student has to prepare one working package including a presentation.
• After the measurement campaign a joint scientific report has to be realized and the students have to present their working package

• Type of examination: non-graded
  
  
• Pre-qualifications: 2 Presentations, Participation at project, Reporting

• Term work, term paper an presentation
  
  
• Master Thesis

• Data Sources, Data Collection, Geometrical/Topological/Thematic Data
• Modelling, Data Structures,Virtual Globes, Web 2.0 Technologies
• Spatial Data Infrastructures, Web-APIs, Web-Services

• Type of examination: Written 60 min
  
  
• Pre-qualifications: term work 

• Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS)
• Data models for digital road maps (digital transportation maps), e.g. HD maps
• Communication technologie
• Infrastructure-based positioning (e.g. beacon, balise, loop)
• Map matching technology: geometric, topologic and semantic
• Quality of digital transportation maps and map matching
• Information services for transport applications
• Application for driver assistance systems and automated driving

• Type of examination: Written 120 min 
  
  
• Pre-qualifications: Participation at laboratories, Participation at laboratories, accepted Homework

• Analogue and digital data registration, bus-based systems
• Analogue-digital conversion
• Coordinates systems and transformation
• Synchronisation, latency and dead time
• Real time system and data acquisition
• Recapitulation of tachymeter techniques and measurements
• Robot tachymeters and kinematic measurements
• Additional kinematic sensors: accuracy, models, corrections
  and reductions
• Dynamic models for moving objects, vehicle models
• Prediction and filtering by integration of vehicle models
• Basics of control theory, simple control examples
• Integration of kinematic measurements into closed loop systems
• Graphical programming: introduction and data acquisition
• Construction machine guidance and construction robot control
• Construction machine simulator of IIGS
• Project on real time data acquisition and control

• Type of examination: Written 120 min 
  
  
• Pre-qualifications: Participation at laboratories,  accepted homeworks, successful project participation

On completion of the module, students will be able to

• understand current cartographic research topics and research questions;
• analyze and process spatial data in a spatial context and combine it
  with other non-spatial and environmental data
• assess different cartographic techniques, principles and methods in terms of their applicability to a planned project
• produce results that are oriented towards the objectives and users of a planned project
• discuss and present applied mapping/design techniques to specialists.

• Requirements from the environmental sector for GIS and maps
• Environmental geodata sources: Data content, data structures and market overview/sources (e.g. Copernicus system, OpenData, ...)
• Geodata fusion: analysis and processing of geodata in a spatial context and combination with other non-spatial data and environmental data
• how to to perform the appropriate geometric, topologic and thematic management, modeling and presentation
• Map design for, dynamic and animated maps for various purposes (depending on end device, topic, ...) like Environmental maps, e.g. temperature, water, vegetation, climate resilience, land use change...

• Type of examination: Written 120 min 
  
  
• Pre-qualifications: Participation at laboratories,  accepted homeworks, successful project participation

• Foundations of Satellite Geodesy:
  Reference systems and transformation rules between them, orbital mechanics, two-body problem, Kepler orbits, disturbing forces, orbit
  perturbations Satellite Laser ranging, VLBI,Satellite altimetry, GNSS positioning
• Observation Techniques of Satellite Geodesy:
  Signal propagation,,satellite laser ranging (SLR), Very Long Baseline Interferometry
  (VLBI),satellite altimetry, Global Navigation Satellite Systems
  (GNSS), satellite gravimetry, applications in geodesy and Earth sciences

• Type of examination: Written 120 min 
  
  
• Pre-qualifications:  Lab-exercises

Visual perception of humans, image acquisition and processing, scale
space, image segmentation, features, overview of statistical methods. Bayesian Classifier, Logistic regression, random Forest, SVM, neural networks, Convolutional Neural Network, graph-based methods, model-based methods.

• Type of examination:  Written 120 min or oral exam 40min
  
  
• Pre-qualifications: Lab exercises 

• Microwave Sensing of Atmospheric Water Vapor
• GNSS Meteorology - ground-based and radio-occultation
• GNSS Meteorology and Numerical Weather Prediction
• GNSS Meteorology and Atmospheric Processes
• GNSS Meteorology and Climatology
• VLBI Meteorology
• SLR Meteorology
• InSAR Meteorology

• Type of examination:  Written 120 min 
  
  
• Pre-qualifications: Lab exercises 

• LV Photogrammetry:
  Geometric camera modelling, Bundle Block Adjustment and Automatic Aerial Triangulation, integrated georeferencing by GPS/IMU integration
• LV Computer Vision:
  Projective geometry, image matching for automatic image orientation and 3D reconstruction by Structure-from-Motion and Multi-View-Stereo, introduction to visual- and LiDAR-SLAM

• Type of examination: Oral 30 min 
  
  
• Pre-qualifications: Lab exercises 

• Satellite altimetry
• Challenges of satellite altimetry for inland water monitoring
• Satellite Gravimetry (SST), GRACE & GRACE FO
• Satellite imagery for monitoring the extent of surface waters.
• Methods to improve spatio-temporal resolution of satellite data
• GNSS reflectometry
• Assimilation methods

• Type of examination: Written 120 min 
  
  
• Pre-qualifications: Lab exercises 

• Lecture:
  Overview of HRSI systems and applications, Sensor orientation – rigorous modelling, RPCs and the affine model, Accuracy of georeferencing, Generic sensor orientation model, Georeferencing accuracy validation of generic model, Automated DSM generation, Metric evaluation of DSM generation, Orthoimage generation
• Project:
  Case study - Application of generic model for (strip) adjustment & automated DSM and ortho-image generation

• Type of examination: Written 90 min or Oral 30 min
  
  
• Pre-qualifications: Project

• Type of examination: Written 120 min 
  
  
• Pre-qualifications: none

• Structural Design, Restoration and Monitoring of Dams:
  Determination of internal forces of tanks, silos, arched dams using membrane and bending theory FEM for structural hydraulic engineering as large dams (Theory and Practical Application) Damage and failure of dams, Monitoring of dams,Restoration of dams.
• Hydraulic Gates:
  Mechanics and Operation of Hydraulic Gates;
  Design and operating windows:
  Hydraulics and special problems caused by high speed flows maintenances of hydraulic gates

• Type of examination: Written 120 min 
  
  
• Pre-qualifications: none

• Hydrological Modeling:
  Construction of models for each part in the runoff process and how these models are used and integrated in different environment management systems.
• Integrated model systems for the groundwater management:
  Groundwater and hydrological modelling, Calibration and Validation, Stochastic modelling

• Hydrological Modeling:
  What happens to the rain? This is the basic question that needs to be addressed in order to predict the amount of discharge at a certain location in a river system at a given time. Which parts of the fate of rainfall can be determined on a physical basis, and which are still left to empirical searching?
  Beside the qualitative determination of e.g. the processes of evapotranspiration, infiltration, interflow etc. we also need to describe the quantities of these processes to be able to forecast e.g. flood events.
  Hydrological watershed modelling is fundamental to integrated water management. There are complex interactions between the elements of the environmental continuum. In order to predict future behavior and to quantify effects of management changes, quantitative mathematical descriptions are needed.
  A number of advanced hydrological watershed models have been developed in the last 30 years. A few of them will be reviewed in terms of their data needs and their predictive power. The participants are encouraged to form groups and to use their selected models for the same catchment so that the different approaches are compared.

• Integrated model systems for the groundwater management:
  Water is unique – no other element is so ubiquitous, vital, vulnerable and threatening at the same time. We must secure our access to clean water, shield our civilization from droughts and floods, use water sustainably in food and energy production, and protect water as part of our environment. However, our surroundings behave non-trivially in various time and spatial scales. Moreover, many environmental systems such as hydrological systems (precipitation, evaporation, infiltration, groundwater flow, surface flow, etc.) are heterogeneous, non-linear and dominated by real-time influences of external driving forces.

  Modeling plays a very important role in reconstructing (as far as possible) the complete and complex picture of the surroundings water systems and offers a unique way to predict behavior of such multifaceted systems. The current course deals with Integrated Watershed Modelling. The main modelling principles are discussed that helps adequately describe the natural system and it's behavior on the basis of the corresponding physical processes. It's simply assumptions about physical concepts, numerical schemes, mathematical formulations, boundary conditions and modelling parameters. The course offers concepts how to incorporate the data into the modelling process, how to calibrate the established model and how to perform validate against the available observation data. The course introduces theoretical concepts and demonstrates how to transfer them into practical applications using hydrological an groundwater modelling. This course is offering insights into the MODFLOW Software that is the USGS's modular hydrologic model. MODFLOW is considered an international standard for simulating and predicting groundwater conditions and groundwater/surface-water interactions. Additionally, course is exploring some features of MATLAB software as one of most productive software environment for engineers and scientists.

• Type of examination: Written 120 min 
  
  
• Pre-qualifications: none

• Concepts of Geostatistics:
  Knowledge of the basic geostatistical concepts, difference between Kriging and simulation, advantages and disadvantages of the discussed methods, application of Kriging and simulation.
• Stochastical Modeling:
  The participants have skills in basic statistical methods used in hydrology, like time series analysis, extreme value statistics, parameter estimation methods and statistical tests.

• Concepts of Geostatistics:
  Geostatistical procedures for the interpolation of measured values, assessment of model parameters and planning of Measuring networks are dealt with.
  e.g.: Simulations: Basic definitions, Monte Carlo, Turning Band, Unconditional simulation, Conditional simulation, Sequential Simulation, Simulation using Markov Chains, The Hastings Algorithm, Simulated annealing, Indicator Simulation, Truncated- Gaussian Simulation, Application of simulations Exercises
• Stochastical Modeling:
  The lecture part stochastic modeling is primarily concerned with the stochastic analysis of temporal and areal arrays, their generation and their use in the hydrological modeling. Calculation and analysis of hydrological data, descriptive statistic and their parameters, possibility analysis, correlation and regression, time
  series analysis and simulation.
  Univariate Statistics and multivariate Statistics (e.g. regression analysis) theory of probabilities random variables and probability functions (e.g. Poission distribution)
  and more.

• Type of examination: Written 120 min 
  
  
• Pre-qualifications: none

• Discretisation methods: Knowledge of the common methods (finite differences, finite elements, finite volume) and the differences between them Advantages and disadvantages and of the methods and thus of their applicability Derivation of the various methods Use and choice of the correct boundary conditions for the various methods
• Time discretisation:
  Knowledge of the various possibilities; Assessment of stability, computational effort, precision Courant number, CFL criterion
• Transport equation:
  Various discretisation possibilities, Physical background,Stabiity criteria of the methods (Peclet number)
• Clarification of concepts: model, simulation Application of the finite element method to the stationary groundwater equation Setting-up of a simulation programme for modeling groundwater:
  Programme requirements
  Programming individual routines
• Fundamentals of programming in C:
  Control structures, Functions, Arrays, Debugging, Visualisation of the simulation results

• Type of examination: Written 120 min 
  
  
• Pre-qualifications: none

• Geoengineering:
  The students have the required skills to treat fundamental soil mechanics problems such as: groundwater flow, consolidation, slope stability, settlement and soil strength calculations.
• Geohydrology:
  The students have a strong foundation in the applied skills required to locate, analyse, assess, develop, and protect groundwater resources.

• Geoengineering:
  This course includes information about the origin of soils and soilclassification methods. It also includes the basics of groundwater flow as used in soil mechanics. Common geotechnical problems such as slope stability and soil consolidation are discussed and clarified. The stresses in soil, stiffness of soils and strength of soils are explained in details.

• Geohydrology:
  Covers the most important concepts of geology and hydrogeology, the interpretation of hydrogeological information from maps, aerial photographs, geophysical measurements and field data, the principles of groundwater development and the understanding of hydrogeological systems through case studies. A brief overview is given on the analysis of hydrochemical data and isotopes.

• Type of examination: Written 120 min 
  
  
• Pre-qualifications: none